TY - JOUR
T1 - Fruchtkörperentwicklung bei Porlingen
A1 - Bos, Wolter
JA - Elem. d. Naturw.
JF - Elemente der Naturwissenschaft
PY - 2009
VL - 90
SP - 109
EP - 139
DO - 10.18756/edn.90.109
SN - p-ISSN 0422-9630
LA - de
N2 - Porlinge sind eine Gruppe holzabbauender Großpilze, deren Fruchtkörperformen sich
in einer Reihe zunehmender Erhebung vom Substrat einordnen lassen. So entwickelt
sich auch der Einzelpilz: von einem dem Holz anliegenden Scheibchen über eine
halbresupinate Form bis zu einer konsolenförmig in den Raum hineinragenden
Gestalt. Darüber hinaus können Fruchtkörper einer einzelnen Art, je nach Lage am
Substrat, nahezu sämtliche Formen der Porlinge als Gruppe annehmen. In diesem
Beitrag wird versucht, der dieser Formenvielfalt innewohnenden Grundidee, dem
Typus des Porlingsfruchtkörpers, näherzukommen. Hilfreich dafür ist ein Vergleich
mit den Blätterpilzen. Das Grundmotiv der Blätterpilze ist nicht die Emanzipation des
Fruchtkörpers vom Substrat, welche hier durch den Stiel von vorneherein gegeben ist,
sondern das Abschließen des Hymeniums gegen die Außenwelt und die Veranlagung
des ganzen Fruchtkörpers in einer knospenartigen Situation («Endogenisation»). Die
Ontogenese der Blätterpilze zeigt eine deutliche Stufenfolge auf, in der Gestaltung und
Wachstum, Entwurf und Erscheinen getrennt auftreten. Bei den Porlingen wird die
Gestalt allmählich im Wachsen ausplastiziert und der Abschluss dieses Vorgangs wird
oft nur zögernd erreicht. Bei aller Plastizität, mit der ein Porlingsfruchtkörper auf die
jeweilige räumliche Lage am Substrat antwortet, erhält er trotzdem ein inneres Prinzip
aufrecht. Entlang der waagerechten Achse, welche aus der unsichtbaren Prozessualität
der Myzelprozesse in den Erscheinungsraum hineinführt, wird Gewordenes aufgelöst
und in dem Organ der Hutkante neu gestaltet. Entlang der senkrechten Achse
nimmt der Pilz so Bezug zum Raum auf, dass er Qualitäten desselben, Helligkeit und
Schwere, zum Ausdruck bringt. In welchem Ausmaß diese Qualitäten am Fruchtkörper
erscheinen können, wird durch die Lage am Substrat bedingt. 
N1 - Bracket fungi and other polypores constitute a group of large fungi that decompose
wood and whose fruiting body shapes can be categorised in a series based on increasing
elevation from their substrate. Similarly, the individual fruiting body develops from
a small disc, adhering to the substrate, via a semi-resupinate form into space. In
addition, fruiting bodies of a particular species, according to their position on the
substrate, can take on almost all the forms of the polypores as a group. This paper
attempts to get closer to the fundamental idea living in this diversity, i.e. the archetype
of the fruiting body of the polypores. For this it is helpful to make a comparison
with the gill fungi. The fundamental theme of the gill fungi is not the emancipation
of the fruiting body from its substrate, which in that group is predetermined by the
stem, but the closure of the developing hymenium against the outer world and the
tendency to develop the fruiting body in a bud like condition (‘endogenisation’). The
ontogenesis of the gill fungi shows a series of clear stages: initiation, general design,
growth and appearance into space, finalization. In the polypores the shape is gradually
moulded during growth and the end of this process is often reached only hesitatingly.
Despite all the plasticity with which the fruiting body of a bracket fungus responds
to its position on the substrate, it nevertheless maintains its inner principle. Along
the horizontal axis, which leads from the activity of the mycelium with its invisible
processes into visibility of the fungus, already formed substance is being dissolved
and, in the organ of the cap edge, brought into a new form. Along the vertical axis
the fungus takes up a relationship to space in such a way that the light and gravity
qualities of the latter are expressed. The extent to which these qualities are able to
appear in the fruiting body are determined by its position on the substrate. 
AB - Bracket fungi and other polypores constitute a group of large fungi that decompose
wood and whose fruiting body shapes can be categorised in a series based on increasing
elevation from their substrate. Similarly, the individual fruiting body develops from
a small disc, adhering to the substrate, via a semi-resupinate form into space. In
addition, fruiting bodies of a particular species, according to their position on the
substrate, can take on almost all the forms of the polypores as a group. This paper
attempts to get closer to the fundamental idea living in this diversity, i.e. the archetype
of the fruiting body of the polypores. For this it is helpful to make a comparison
with the gill fungi. The fundamental theme of the gill fungi is not the emancipation
of the fruiting body from its substrate, which in that group is predetermined by the
stem, but the closure of the developing hymenium against the outer world and the
tendency to develop the fruiting body in a bud like condition (‘endogenisation’). The
ontogenesis of the gill fungi shows a series of clear stages: initiation, general design,
growth and appearance into space, finalization. In the polypores the shape is gradually
moulded during growth and the end of this process is often reached only hesitatingly.
Despite all the plasticity with which the fruiting body of a bracket fungus responds
to its position on the substrate, it nevertheless maintains its inner principle. Along
the horizontal axis, which leads from the activity of the mycelium with its invisible
processes into visibility of the fungus, already formed substance is being dissolved
and, in the organ of the cap edge, brought into a new form. Along the vertical axis
the fungus takes up a relationship to space in such a way that the light and gravity
qualities of the latter are expressed. The extent to which these qualities are able to
appear in the fruiting body are determined by its position on the substrate. 
ST - Fruchtkörperentwicklung bei Porlingen
UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.18756/edn.90.109
Y2 - 2024-11-21 05:43:43
ER -