“Alles ist Blatt” – Goethean-driven Social Science and Qualitative Inquiry

Elemente der Naturwissenschaft 122, 2025, P. 66-79 | DOI: 10.18756/edn.122.66

Abstract:

Means of diversifying methodological approaches include varying research questions and ways of asking them. This paper suggests that a diversity of qualitative approaches strengthens the research itself, and is of particular use in Goethean-driven social science. I use examples of my research in Andhra Pradesh, India, and Kwale county, Kenya, to question hypotheses- and measurement-driven pattern-seeking “scientific” models in favor of phenomenological participatory inquiry. In so doing, I discuss Goethean science and participatory research approaches to find common ground in perception-oriented and empathetic qualitative research methods

References
  • Alamyar, I.H. (2024): From Husserl to Merleau-Ponty: Tracing the arc of phenomenology. Lumen Veritatis: Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi 15 (1), pp. 19–30.
  • Baars, T. (1998): Modern solutions for mixed systems in organic farming. In: Proceedings of an International Workshop on mixed farming systems in Europe, pp. 23–29.
  • Baars, T. (2011): Experiential science; towards an integration of implicit and reflected practitioner-expert knowledge in the scientific development of organic farming. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 24, pp. 601–628.
  • Berardi, G. (1974): An Economic and Energy Analysis of Wheat Farmers in New York and Pennsylvania. M.S. Thesis. Cornell Univ, Ithaca. NY.
  • Berardi, G. (1998): Application of participatory rural appraisal in Alaska.” Human Organization 57 (4), pp. 438–446.
  • Berardi, G. (1999): Schools, settlement, and sanitation in Alaska Native villages. Ethnohistory, pp 329-359.
  • Berardi, G. (2002): Commentary on the challenge to change: Participatory research and professional realities. Society & Natural Resources 15 (9), pp. 847–852.
  • Berardi, G., Burns, D., Duran, P., Gonzalez-Plaza, R., Kinley, S., Robbins, L., Williams, T., Woods, W. (2003): The tribal environment and natural resources management approach to Indian education and student assessment. Journal of American Indian Education 42 (1), pp. 58–74.
  • Berardi, G. (2019): Anthroposophy’s double gesture: Dan McKanan’s ecoalchemy and its meaning for Goethean science. Elemente d. N. 110, pp. 99–125.
  • Biekart, K., Gasper, D. (2013): Robert Chambers. Development and Change 44 (3), pp. 705–725.
  • Bockemühl, J. (1992): Awakening to Landscape. Natural Sciences Section. Dornach.
  • Brock, S. (2019): Goethe’s contribution to philosophy: the morphology of individuality. SATS 20 (1), pp. 35–52.
  • Brown, N. (2022): Scope and continuum of participatory research. International Journal of Research & Method in Education 45 (2), pp. 200–211.
  • Burdge, R.J. (2000): Book of Abstracts. 8th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management: June 17–22, 2000, Bellingham, Washington, USA. Portland, OR, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
  • Bywater, B. (2005): Goethe: A science which does not eat the other. Janus Head 8 (1), pp. 291–310.
  • Chambers, R. (1983): Rural Development: Putting the Last First. Routledge.
  • Chambers, R. (1997): Whose Reality Counts? Putting the First Last. (cabidigitallibrary.org)
  • Chambers, R. (2007): Poverty research: Methodologies, mindsets and multidimensionality. (opendocs.ids.ac.uk) Brighton.
  • Courtney, K., Rabung, E., Brousseau, J., Cheng, A.S., Fischer, A.P., Fried, H., Matthew, M., et al. (2024): Application of participatory process mapping to evaluate environmental decision-making and implementation. Society & Natural Resources, pp. 1–8.
  • Dennis, O. (2020): The Branches of Philosophy. Rudiments of Philosophy and Logic, pp. 67–95.
  • Edwards, C. (2024): Denaturalising Phenomenology: Husserl and Heidegger’s Transcendental Account of the Knowledge Problem. PhD diss., Murdoch University.
  • Franses, P., Wride, M. (2015): Goethean pedagogy: A case in innovative science education and implications for work based learning. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 5 (4), pp. 339–351.
  • Holdrege, C. (2005): Doing Goethean science. Janus Head 8 (1), pp. 27–52.
  • Marr, J. (2003): Empiricism. Behavior theory and philosophy, pp. 63–81.
  • McKanan, D. (2017): Eco-alchemy: Anthroposophy and the history and future of environmentalism. Univ. of California Press.
  • Park, P. (2006): Knowledge and participatory research. Handbook of action research (2). Concise paperback edition.
  • Robbins, B.D. (2005): New organs of perception: Goethean science as a cultural therapeutics. Janus Head 8 (1), pp. 113–126.
  • Saman, M. (2020): Towards Goethean Anthropology: On morphology, structuralism, and social observation. Goethe Yearbook 27 (1), pp. 137–163.
  • Schad, W. (2019): Goetheanismus und Medizin/Medizinische Sektion in Zusammenarbeit mit der Naturwissenschaftlichen Sektion. Dornach.
  • Tuan, Y. (1979): Space and place: humanistic perspective. In Philosophy in Geography, Dordrecht.
  • Tuan, Y. (1991): Language and the making of place: A narrative-descriptive approach. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 81 (4), pp. 684–696.
  • Tuan, Y. (2007): Coming home to China. Minneapolis.
  • Tuan, Y. (2011): Topophilia and place experience. Anekumene 1, pp. 8–13.
  • Von Arx, R. (1992): Painting as a means of inner development. In: Bockemühl, J. (ed.): Awakening to Landscape. Dornach.
  • Vaughn, L.M., Jacquez, F. (2020): Participatory research methods–choice points in the research process. Journal of Participatory Research Methods 1(1).
  • Wahl, D. C. (2005): Zarte Empirie: Goethean Science as a way of knowing. Janus Head 8, pp. 58–76.
  • Weik, E. (2017): Goethe and the study of life: a comparison with Husserl and Simmel. Continental Philosophy Review 50, pp. 335–357.
  • Wilson, A.B. (2024): Peirce, perception, and empiricism. The Oxford Handbook of Charles S. Peirce.
  • Zanetell, B.A., Knuth, B.A. (2002): Knowledge partnerships: Rapid Rural Appraisal’s role in catalyzing community-based management in Venezuela. Society & Natural Resources 15, pp. 805–825.
  • Zanetell, B.A., Knuth, B.A. (2004): Participation rhetoric or communitybased management reality? Influences on willingness to participate in a Venezuelan freshwater fishery. World Development 32 (5), pp. 793– 807.